Signs of Brain Tumors in Dogs

Brain tumors in dogs can be a distressing diagnosis for pet owners. While these tumors are not always easy to detect, early recognition of symptoms can lead to quicker intervention and better treatment outcomes. Dogs with brain tumors often exhibit changes in behavior, coordination, and overall health. Below, we’ll help you understand these signs so you have a better idea of when to seek veterinary care. If you’re in Silver Spring, MD, and require emergency care or a specialty consultation, contact Apex Vets today.

Common Symptoms of Brain Tumors in Dogs

Brain tumors in dogs can affect different regions of the brain, leading to a variety of symptoms. Some signs may be subtle at first, while others develop rapidly.

Changes in Behavior

One of the first signs of a brain tumor in dogs is a noticeable shift in behavior. Dogs may display aggression, confusion, or anxiety that was not present before. These behavioral changes occur because the tumor affects brain function, altering how your dog processes information and emotions. If your dog suddenly becomes withdrawn, starts pacing, or seems unaware of their surroundings, it could indicate a neurological issue.

Seizures and Neurological Episodes

Seizures are a major red flag when it comes to brain tumors in dogs. While seizures can be caused by epilepsy or other medical conditions, new or worsening episodes warrant a veterinary evaluation. A seizure may include muscle twitching, uncontrolled movements, loss of consciousness, or excessive drooling. If your dog has never had a seizure before and suddenly experiences one, a brain tumor could be a potential cause.

Head Tilt and Loss of Balance

A dog struggling to maintain balance or displaying a persistent head tilt may have a tumor affecting the cerebellum or inner ear structures. Dogs may stumble, walk in circles, or fall over without apparent cause. This unsteadiness can be particularly alarming and should be evaluated by a veterinarian as soon as possible.

Physical Changes Associated with Brain Tumors

Brain tumors in dogs can lead to noticeable physical changes beyond neurological symptoms. Owners may see visible signs that indicate something is wrong.

Vision Problems and Pupil Abnormalities

Brain tumors in dogs can impact eyesight, leading to vision loss, dilated pupils, or uneven pupil size. Dogs may start bumping into furniture, hesitating at stairs, or reacting strangely to light. Some may develop a “stargazing” behavior, staring at walls or the ceiling for extended periods. These symptoms suggest that the tumor may be pressing on the optic nerve or affecting areas of the brain responsible for vision.

Head Pressing and Circling

Head pressing is a behavior where dogs push their heads against walls, furniture, or other surfaces for no apparent reason. This action is often a sign of neurological distress and can indicate a brain tumor. Circling behavior, where a dog continuously walks in a repetitive loop, is another concerning symptom. If your dog exhibits these behaviors, they should be evaluated by a veterinarian immediately.

Changes in Appetite and Drinking Habits

Dogs with brain tumors may experience changes in appetite and water consumption. Some may stop eating altogether, while others develop an increased hunger. Excessive drinking or a complete lack of interest in water could also indicate an underlying neurological issue. These changes may be caused by a tumor affecting the hypothalamus, a region of the brain responsible for regulating hunger and thirst.

Diagnosing Brain Tumors in Dogs

If your veterinarian suspects a brain tumor, several diagnostic steps can confirm the condition and determine the best course of action.

Neurological Examination

Your veterinarian will begin by conducting a neurological exam to assess reflexes, coordination, and overall brain function. This evaluation helps identify which part of the brain may be affected. The results of this exam guide further diagnostic testing.

Imaging Tests

Advanced imaging is essential for diagnosing brain tumors in dogs. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) scans provide detailed views of the brain, allowing veterinarians to locate tumors and determine their size and impact. These tests require anesthesia, as dogs must remain completely still during the procedure.

Additional Testing

In some cases, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis or a biopsy may be necessary to determine the type of tumor. Blood tests can also help assess overall health and rule out other conditions that may cause similar symptoms.

How Are Brain Tumors in Dogs Treated? 

While brain tumors in dogs can be serious, treatment options are available to improve quality of life and, in some cases, extend survival time.

Surgery

Surgical removal of a brain tumor is an option for some dogs, particularly if the tumor is accessible and has not spread extensively. Veterinary neurologists and surgeons carefully evaluate whether a dog is a good candidate for surgery based on factors such as tumor location and overall health.

Radiation Therapy

Radiation therapy is a common treatment for brain tumors in dogs, particularly when surgery is not an option. This approach targets tumor cells while minimizing damage to surrounding brain tissue. Radiation can help shrink tumors and reduce symptoms, improving a dog’s comfort and well-being.

Medications and Supportive Care

Medications such as steroids and anti-seizure drugs can help manage symptoms associated with brain tumors in dogs. While these treatments do not cure tumors, they can provide relief and maintain quality of life. Pain management and nutritional support are also crucial for dogs undergoing treatment.

Knowing When It’s Time to Seek Veterinary Care for Your Dog

If you notice any concerning symptoms in your dog, seeking veterinary care as soon as possible is essential. Early detection and intervention can make a significant difference in your pet’s quality of life. Brain tumors in dogs require specialized veterinary attention, and diagnostic testing is necessary to determine the best course of action. If you’re in Silver Spring, MD, and suspect your dog may be showing signs of a brain tumor, the board-certified veterinary neurologists at Apex Vets can help. Contact us today for emergency care or a specialty consultation.