Why Is My Dog Losing Balance?

It can be unsettling to see your dog stumble, sway, or struggle to stay on their feet. While an occasional slip might not be cause for concern, frequent balance issues can signal an underlying health problem. Inner ear infections, neurological conditions, arthritis, and even poisoning can all contribute to a dog losing balance. Some causes require urgent care, while others may improve with treatment and lifestyle adjustments. If your dog is suddenly unsteady, knowing what to look for can help you determine the next steps. If you’re in Silver Spring, MD, and need emergency care or a specialty consultation, contact Apex Vets today. 

What Causes Balance Issues in Dogs? 

Balance problems in dogs can stem from a variety of medical conditions, affecting the inner ear, nervous system, or musculoskeletal function. 

Ear Infections and Inner Ear Disorders

The inner ear plays a crucial role in a dog’s ability to maintain balance. When an infection or inflammation affects this area, it can lead to dizziness, head tilting, and stumbling. Signs of an inner ear infection include:

• Head shaking or excessive ear scratching
• Foul odor from the ears
• Discharge or redness in the ear canal
• Loss of coordination or unsteady gait

Ear infections are typically caused by bacteria, yeast, or parasites. If left untreated, these infections can spread deeper into the ear, worsening balance issues. A veterinary examination is essential for proper diagnosis and treatment.

Vestibular Disease

Canine vestibular disease affects the inner ear and brainstem, disrupting balance and coordination. It can appear suddenly and is more common in senior dogs, often referred to as “old dog vestibular syndrome.” Symptoms may include:

• Sudden loss of balance
• Circling or falling to one side
• Head tilt
• Rapid eye movements (nystagmus)
• Nausea or vomiting

Vestibular disease can be caused by infections, trauma, tumors, or unknown factors (idiopathic vestibular disease). While some cases resolve with supportive care, severe cases may require hospitalization and treatment.

Neurological Disorders and Balance Problems

The brain and spinal cord control coordination and movement. When a neurological condition affects these systems, a dog may experience weakness, tremors, or difficulty walking. Common neurological causes of balance loss include:

• Brain tumors – Masses in the brain can press on nerves responsible for balance.
• Stroke – A sudden interruption of blood flow to the brain can lead to disorientation and instability.
• Inflammatory diseases – Conditions such as encephalitis or meningitis can cause neurological dysfunction.

A veterinary neurologist can perform advanced diagnostic tests, such as MRI or CT scans, to determine if a neurological issue is causing your dog’s loss of balance.

Other Health Conditions That Affect Balance

While ear and neurological issues are the most common causes of a dog losing balance, several other conditions can lead to unsteady movements.

Canine Arthritis and Joint Pain

Dogs with arthritis or musculoskeletal injuries may struggle with balance due to joint pain and stiffness. Osteoarthritis, ligament injuries, and hip dysplasia can all contribute to mobility challenges. Signs of arthritis-related balance issues include:

• Difficulty standing up or walking
• Stiffness, especially after rest
• Reluctance to jump or climb stairs
• Noticeable limping

Pain management, joint supplements, and physical therapy can help improve your dog’s stability and comfort. Your primary veterinarian can assess your dog’s mobility and recommend treatment options.

Toxicity and Poisoning

Certain toxins can cause neurological symptoms that lead to balance loss. Dogs may ingest harmful substances, including:

• Household cleaning products
• Human medications like ibuprofen or antidepressants
• Rodenticides and pesticides
• Toxic plants such as azaleas or lilies

Signs of toxicity can range from mild disorientation to severe tremors, seizures, and collapse. If you suspect your dog has ingested a toxic substance, seek immediate veterinary care.

Low Blood Sugar and Metabolic Conditions

Low blood sugar (hypoglycemia) can cause weakness, dizziness, and fainting in dogs. This is most commonly seen in small-breed puppies, diabetic dogs, and those with liver disease. Other metabolic disorders, such as kidney or liver failure, can also affect balance by disrupting normal body functions. Your veterinarian can perform blood tests to check for metabolic imbalances and recommend appropriate treatment based on the underlying cause.

When Is Veterinary Care Necessary for a Dog Losing Their Balance? 

If your dog has poor balance, a veterinary evaluation is the best way to determine the cause. In some cases, mild dizziness may resolve on its own, but persistent or severe symptoms require professional attention. Seek immediate care if your dog:

• Suddenly collapses or cannot stand
• Has rapid eye movements or head tilting
• Shows signs of severe pain or distress
• Experiences vomiting along with balance issues
• Has been exposed to a possible toxin

Supporting your dog’s recovery depends on the underlying cause of their balance issues. Once diagnosed, treatment may involve medications, physical therapy, dietary changes, or lifestyle adjustments. Keeping your home environment safe by minimizing obstacles and using non-slip flooring can also help your dog navigate more easily. If you’re in Silver Spring, MD, and require emergency care or a specialty consultation for your dog, contact Apex Vets today.